Mononucleosis

What is Mono?

Infectious mononucleosis (“mono” for short) is a viral infection that affects lymph nodes (glands).

How Could I Catch it?

No one really knows how one catches mono; however, many medical authorities believe that the virus is spread by secretions from the nose and throat, i.e., sneezing or kissing. Someone can have mono without knowing it, so you might come in contact with the virus without realizing it.

What are the Symptoms?

Common symptoms are sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, tiredness, fever, and headaches. Occasional symptoms are rash, jaundice (appearing yellow skinned), nausea, and abdominal pain. When symptoms subside, you may think you are better but the virus is still in your body and you remain contagious for some time. Associated bacterial infections can also occur, including strep throat.

How is the Diagnosis Made?

A blood count and a mono blood test will be taken. If you are tested too soon in the course of the illness, you may receive a false negative.

Will I be Hospitalized?

It is not common to hospitalize patients with mono unless the symptoms are severe. However, you may need help for a few days until you begin to feel better.

What Can I Do?

Viruses do not respond to antibiotics.
•    Gargle with warm salt water (1/4 teaspoon of table salt and ½ cup warm tap water) as often as desired to soothe sore throat.
•    Use lozenges according to package instructions or hard candy to relieve throat discomfort.
•    Take Ibuprofen (600 mg three times a day with food) or Acetaminophen (650 mg every four to six hours) for fever and discomfort unless a physician advises against these medications.
•    Apply warm, moist towels to neck, where swollen, as often as desired.
•    Rest—do not tire yourself unnecessarily. Do not jog, play sports or exercise. You do not have to stop all your normal daily routines, but be sensible.
•    Avoid pressure to the abdomen. (With mono, the spleen usually becomes enlarged and can rupture, though it is rare.  Also, the liver becomes temporarily inflamed.) No heavy lifting, contact sports, or vigorous sexual activity. If you develop a tender abdomen, seek medical attention.
•    Do not drink alcohol.
•    Practice good hygiene. Wash your hands, cover your nose and mouth when sneezing, properly dispose of all used tissues, and consider others when making decisions about sexual activity.

When Should I Call the SHC?

•    You suspect you have mono.
•    Symptoms of mono persist more than two weeks.
•    You develop new symptoms, including vomiting.
•    Sore throat or swollen glands worsen.
•    You develop abdominal pain or jaundice (yellow skin or eyes).
•    You have a fever of 101° F (38.3 C) for more than two days.
•    Symptoms worry you or anytime you don’t know what to do.

Adapted 12/2002 from University of Virginia.